MGT502 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term

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MGT502 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term

A crucial factor in an open-loop system is that information from the system is not used
control purpose. This is done using the output to generate feedback for control purposes.
• The output is not connected to the input for measurement.
• Therefore open loop system components do not include control and feedback mechanism for the reason
the absence of internally defined goals. i.e,
o Entry
o Process
o Output

Example
An information system that automatically generates a regular report and is not used for monitoring
entry or activities. 7.3.2 Closed loop system
• It is a system where part of the output is fed back into the system to initiate change management
Either system activities or system inputs
• It has the ability to control the output due to the existence of the information system (CS507) VU
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• Control mechanism
• Feedback system
• Objectives

Example
A system of budgetary control in the enterprise, by which
o Results are communicated through a feedback system
o Results are compared to targets/budget through a control mechanism
7.3.3 Open systems

• A system that is connected to its environment through resource flows is called an open system.
• The environment affects the system and the system also affects the environment.
Example: • Business is a system where management decisions are influenced or have an influence on suppliers, customers, society as a whole.
• A computerized system of a manufacturing entity that takes over the influence of the company.

MGT502 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term

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