CS402 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term

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CS402 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term. Aslam u Alaikum dear students. If you are looking for CS402 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term file? Then you are visiting the right website. I provided the perfect solution here according to my efforts. If there is any mistake then please correct it before submitting the VULMS account and before midterm and final term exams preparation. Thanks

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CS402 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term
CS402 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term

So we need changes in the system, but because of the interdependence between the program and the data
changes in systems were very difficult to implement. Changing one will affect the other whether related or not. For example, suppose that customer account data is stored in and different programs use this file for different purposes such as adding data to bill file, calculate bill and print bill.

Now the company is asking to be added customer addresses in the invoices, therefore we need to change the structure of the invoice file and also a program that prints a receipt. Well, it was necessary, but the painful thing is that other programs that use these account files but do not deal with printing the promissory note or the change in the promissory note will also have to be changed, well; it is unnecessary and causes additional, unnecessary effort.

Another big disadvantage in a traditional file system environment is the lack of sharing data. This means that if different systems of the organization use some common data instead of saving it once and sharing it, each system stores the data in separate files. This creates a problem of redundancy or wasted storage and on the other hand.

Inconsistency problem. Changing data in one system is sometimes not
reflected in the same data stored in another system. So different systems in the organization;
store different facts about the same thing. This is an inconsistency as shown in the image below.

CS402 Short Notes for Final Term and Mid Term